THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION IN NURSING IN CHILDREN
INTRODUCTION
Communication in children is an important part in building trust us with a child. Through communication will be established a sense of trust, a sense of affection and then the child would feel to have an award on him. Communication in nursing practice the term is often used in the therapy aspect of the client's communication so much associated with the term therapeutic or known by the name of therapeutic communication.
Therapeutic communication is a way to foster therapeutic relationships necessary for the exchange of information and feelings, which can affect the behavior of others given the success of nursing actions depending on the communication process (Stuart and Sundeen, 1987)
DEFINITION
Communication is a process when information is conveyed to others through symbols, signs, or behavior (Haber, 1987)
Communication can take the form of verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and communication abstract (Champbell and Glasper, 1995).
Therapeutic communication ie nurse-client interpersonal relationships which obtain a shared learning experience and improve the client's emotional experience. Have therapeutic communication: specific objectives, share thoughts, feelings and present-oriented (Here and Now), focusing on the client's needs.
Communication components are as follows:
- The sender of the message
Is the individual in this case is a child, family or group who implement good communication with the individual (child) or other groups. on nursing practice messaging communication can occur between children with nurses, doctors or other health workers and parents.
- Receiving a message
A person who receives news or emblem, may be a client (child), family or community.
- messages
Is the message of the sender of the message through the speaker emblem, motion or attitude.
- Media
A means of entry into force of the symbol of the channel which can include sound and the symbol itself. The media can be a sound or a few things that can facilitate the acceptance of messages on the child like drawings or concrete and interesting games for children
- Feedback
Is part of the communication process that can be used as a means of achieving the messages / information that has been submitted. This component of the evaluation of achievement in information that is delivered to the child.
Child is defined as a person aged less than 18 years in the future growth and development with special needs either physical, psychological, social and spiritual.
Children are individuals who are in a range of developmental changes that began from infancy to adolescence. Childhood is a time of growth and development that starts from infants (0-1 years), age play / Toddler (1-2.5 years), preschool (2.5-5 years), school age (5-11 years) to adolescence (11-18 years). The ranges vary from one child to another because of different backgrounds.
Family is an important element in the care of the child. Child's life can be determined by the family, to the nursing child must recognize the family as a residence or as a fixed constant in the child's life (Wong, Perry & Hockenberry, 2002)
STAGES IN COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
stage Prainteraksi
Stage introduction or orientation
stage of Work
termination stage
FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
Education
knowledge
attitude
Age growth and development
The health status of children
social system
channels
environment
ATTITUDE IN COMMUNICATION
Is a very important element to establish the effectiveness of the communication process. According to Egan 1995 cited Kozier and Erb 1983 communications convey attitude is something what should be done in communication both verbal and non-verbal which may include:
- Attitude dealing
Is a form of direct the manner in which a person face to face or face the child, this attitude means that communicators ready to communicate
- Attitude maintain contact
Aiming mengahargai client and said the desire to keep in touch with how to always pay attention to what is conveyed by not informed or do activities that may distract the other
- Bent attitude toward patients
This attitude is a form of attitude by providing position indicating a desire to say or hear something by way of bent slightly towards the client.
- Attitude is open
Is a form of attitude by giving the position of the foot is not folded, hand showed keerbukaan to communicate conducted during the communication process.
- Stay relaxed attitude
An attitude which shows a balance between tension and relaxation in responding to clients during communication. This attitude is necessary so that each provide a variety of information that is expected in the absence of a compulsion.
- Eye movement
to give attention to the child
- Expression advance
a nonverbal expression that is heavily influenced by the culture
- Touch
Is a fundamental way of interaction due to the feelings setuhan can receive and mengahargai. Touch is an important element in the formation of the ego, feelings and self-reliance. The touch is very important because as a communication tool in demonstrating warmth, affection which in later days (adults) can mengembangakannya.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION ATTITUDE
A way of behaving during the communication that may impact psychological therapy, so that psychological problems can be resolved. Consists of:
- Attitude authenticity
An attitude in the delivery of messages in children showed about the actual picture of ourselves, the attitude of them; avoid opening up too early until the child shows readiness to respond positively to openness, an attitude of trust which is used to foster trust us with a child and should be more open attitude to avoid opening up too early in the context of manipulation, by giving advice or attitudes affect children to get what is our goal in communication
- Empathy
Is a way of putting ourselves in the position of children and parents who may be demonstrated by listening to what the communicant with the intent to understand, telling ourselves we listen to what her communicant, convey empathy as kakuratan response, clarity, warmth and show empathy verbally
- Comity
The attitude that indicates an awareness / attention, sense of love and mengahargai clients. Can be demonstrated by looking at the direction of the current client communication, giving undivided attention, maintaining eye contact, smile at the right time, moving in the direction of the client, while greeting communication, handshake or a gentle touch with the permission of the communicant
- Attitude Concrete
Shape attitudes by using terminology that is specific and not abstract at the time of communication with the client, it can be shown by using the real thing as demonstrated in the real thing, through parents. can also use aids such as pictures, toys and others.
COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF GROWTH KEMBANG
Age Infants (0-1 years)
Communication in general can be done through movements of the baby which is an effective communication tool. The development of communication in infants begins with the infant's ability to see objects of interest, typically at week eight. the twelfth week the baby can smile. at the age of 16 weeks the baby can be turned toward the sound unfamiliar to him. In the mid-kat baby can utter words like ba-ba early, da-da and others. in ten months baby can respond when his name was called, was able to see some of the images contained in the book, and at the end of the first year can say specific words about two or three words.
In addition to the above communication, effective communication using nonverbal communication sepertimengusap, hold, hold, etc.
Toddler and Preschool age (1-2.5 years, 2.5-5 years)
In the first year the child is able to understand about ten kat. in the second year to understand about 200-300 words. At age 3 years, children are able to master skitar 900 words. Communication at this age are egocentric, curiosity and high initiative, increased language skills, it is easy to feel disappointed and feel guilty because of the high demand, each communication must be centered on him, afraid of the reactor ignorance, and keep in mind at this age children are still not fluent speaking (Behrman, 1996).
At this age, a way of communicating that is done is to tell what happened to him, members the opportunity to touch the inspection tool is used, using the tone of voice, slow speech, if it does not have to be repeated more clearly answered with a simple direction, attitude hidarkan urgent urgent attitude to be answered such as the words "responsible dong", divert the current communication activities, providing the toy when the child is communicating with the intention to communicate, set the distance while communicating, the existence of self-awareness in which we have to avoid direct confrontation, sitting too close and face. Nonverbally we always give a boost acceptance and approval if required, do not touch a child without his consent, to shake hands with children is a way to relieve anxiety. Drawing, writing or storytelling in exploring feelings and thoughts when child communication.
School age (5-11 years)
Starting with a child's ability to print, drawing, writing letters or making big and what is being implemented reflect the mind of the child and the child's ability to read the children here can already be started. At eight years of age children are able to read and have started thinking towards life.
Communication can be done at this age are still considering the level of language skills that children use simple words that are specific, describe something that makes vagueness in children or something unknown. at this age the curiosity fusngsional and procedural aspects of a particular object is very high then explain the meaning of the functions and procedures, goals and objectives of the things in question are clear and do not hurt or threatened because this will make the child unable to communicate effectively.
Age Youth (11-18 years)
The development of communication in the teenage years is demonstrated by the ability to discuss or argue and have started to think conceptually, has begun to show a sense of shame, at this age children are often contemplate future life which is reflected in the communication. At this age begin to show the mindset towards a more positive, the case conceptualization given period is a period of transition the child into adulthood.
Communication can be done at this age is to discuss or brainstorm on peers, avoiding some of the questions that can cause embarrassment and maintain confidentiality in communication since the initial establishment of the trust and the child is in a transition period be mature.
WAY COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
Some of the ways that can be used in communicating with children include:
1 Through another person or third party
The first way of communication is done by children in empowering children, by avoiding directly communicate and involve parents who sat beside
2 Storytelling
In this way the message to be conveyed to the child will be readily accepted, but the story should disamapikan according to the message, which can be expressed through writing and drawing.
3 Facilitate
In facilitating, we must be able to express feelings and should not be dominant but the child must be given in response to messages conveyed through listening attentively and do not reflect the negative expression showed poor impression for children.
4. bibliotherapy
With the granting of a book or magazine can be used to express feelings, to tell the contents of the book that corresponds to the message delivered.
5. Ask to mention the desire
It is important to know the child's complaints and desires can show your feelings and thoughts at the time
6 The choice of pros and cons
It is important to determine or know the child's feelings and thoughts, by asking a situation that shows the positive and negative selection of appropriate views of the child
7 Use of Scale
The use of scale or rank in expressing feelings of pain in children, such as the use of feelings of pain, anxiety, sadness and others, by encouraging the child to express the pain
8 Writing
Through this the child to express himself well on the state of sadness, anger or other and is usually done on children who irritated, angry and silent. Done if the child already has the ability to write.
9. drawing
As well as writing, can be used to express, nagging feeling angry venom can be expressed through pictures and the child will express when asked about the picture he wrote his point.
10 Play
as an effective tool in helping children communicate. Through this interpersonal relationship between the child, the nurse and the surrounding areas can be established and the messages can be delivered.
WAY COMMUNICATION WITH PARENTS
- Encourage parents to talk
- Navigate to Focus
- Listen
- Silence
- Empathy
- Convincing again
- Formulate back
- Giving instructions is likely what happened
- Avoiding obstacles in communication
Hopefully this can be helpful for you.
INTRODUCTION
Communication in children is an important part in building trust us with a child. Through communication will be established a sense of trust, a sense of affection and then the child would feel to have an award on him. Communication in nursing practice the term is often used in the therapy aspect of the client's communication so much associated with the term therapeutic or known by the name of therapeutic communication.
Therapeutic communication is a way to foster therapeutic relationships necessary for the exchange of information and feelings, which can affect the behavior of others given the success of nursing actions depending on the communication process (Stuart and Sundeen, 1987)
DEFINITION
Communication is a process when information is conveyed to others through symbols, signs, or behavior (Haber, 1987)
Communication can take the form of verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and communication abstract (Champbell and Glasper, 1995).
Therapeutic communication ie nurse-client interpersonal relationships which obtain a shared learning experience and improve the client's emotional experience. Have therapeutic communication: specific objectives, share thoughts, feelings and present-oriented (Here and Now), focusing on the client's needs.
Communication components are as follows:
- The sender of the message
Is the individual in this case is a child, family or group who implement good communication with the individual (child) or other groups. on nursing practice messaging communication can occur between children with nurses, doctors or other health workers and parents.
- Receiving a message
A person who receives news or emblem, may be a client (child), family or community.
- messages
Is the message of the sender of the message through the speaker emblem, motion or attitude.
- Media
A means of entry into force of the symbol of the channel which can include sound and the symbol itself. The media can be a sound or a few things that can facilitate the acceptance of messages on the child like drawings or concrete and interesting games for children
- Feedback
Is part of the communication process that can be used as a means of achieving the messages / information that has been submitted. This component of the evaluation of achievement in information that is delivered to the child.
Child is defined as a person aged less than 18 years in the future growth and development with special needs either physical, psychological, social and spiritual.
Children are individuals who are in a range of developmental changes that began from infancy to adolescence. Childhood is a time of growth and development that starts from infants (0-1 years), age play / Toddler (1-2.5 years), preschool (2.5-5 years), school age (5-11 years) to adolescence (11-18 years). The ranges vary from one child to another because of different backgrounds.
Family is an important element in the care of the child. Child's life can be determined by the family, to the nursing child must recognize the family as a residence or as a fixed constant in the child's life (Wong, Perry & Hockenberry, 2002)
STAGES IN COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
stage Prainteraksi
Stage introduction or orientation
stage of Work
termination stage
FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
Education
knowledge
attitude
Age growth and development
The health status of children
social system
channels
environment
ATTITUDE IN COMMUNICATION
Is a very important element to establish the effectiveness of the communication process. According to Egan 1995 cited Kozier and Erb 1983 communications convey attitude is something what should be done in communication both verbal and non-verbal which may include:
- Attitude dealing
Is a form of direct the manner in which a person face to face or face the child, this attitude means that communicators ready to communicate
- Attitude maintain contact
Aiming mengahargai client and said the desire to keep in touch with how to always pay attention to what is conveyed by not informed or do activities that may distract the other
- Bent attitude toward patients
This attitude is a form of attitude by providing position indicating a desire to say or hear something by way of bent slightly towards the client.
- Attitude is open
Is a form of attitude by giving the position of the foot is not folded, hand showed keerbukaan to communicate conducted during the communication process.
- Stay relaxed attitude
An attitude which shows a balance between tension and relaxation in responding to clients during communication. This attitude is necessary so that each provide a variety of information that is expected in the absence of a compulsion.
- Eye movement
to give attention to the child
- Expression advance
a nonverbal expression that is heavily influenced by the culture
- Touch
Is a fundamental way of interaction due to the feelings setuhan can receive and mengahargai. Touch is an important element in the formation of the ego, feelings and self-reliance. The touch is very important because as a communication tool in demonstrating warmth, affection which in later days (adults) can mengembangakannya.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION ATTITUDE
A way of behaving during the communication that may impact psychological therapy, so that psychological problems can be resolved. Consists of:
- Attitude authenticity
An attitude in the delivery of messages in children showed about the actual picture of ourselves, the attitude of them; avoid opening up too early until the child shows readiness to respond positively to openness, an attitude of trust which is used to foster trust us with a child and should be more open attitude to avoid opening up too early in the context of manipulation, by giving advice or attitudes affect children to get what is our goal in communication
- Empathy
Is a way of putting ourselves in the position of children and parents who may be demonstrated by listening to what the communicant with the intent to understand, telling ourselves we listen to what her communicant, convey empathy as kakuratan response, clarity, warmth and show empathy verbally
- Comity
The attitude that indicates an awareness / attention, sense of love and mengahargai clients. Can be demonstrated by looking at the direction of the current client communication, giving undivided attention, maintaining eye contact, smile at the right time, moving in the direction of the client, while greeting communication, handshake or a gentle touch with the permission of the communicant
- Attitude Concrete
Shape attitudes by using terminology that is specific and not abstract at the time of communication with the client, it can be shown by using the real thing as demonstrated in the real thing, through parents. can also use aids such as pictures, toys and others.
COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF GROWTH KEMBANG
Age Infants (0-1 years)
Communication in general can be done through movements of the baby which is an effective communication tool. The development of communication in infants begins with the infant's ability to see objects of interest, typically at week eight. the twelfth week the baby can smile. at the age of 16 weeks the baby can be turned toward the sound unfamiliar to him. In the mid-kat baby can utter words like ba-ba early, da-da and others. in ten months baby can respond when his name was called, was able to see some of the images contained in the book, and at the end of the first year can say specific words about two or three words.
In addition to the above communication, effective communication using nonverbal communication sepertimengusap, hold, hold, etc.
Toddler and Preschool age (1-2.5 years, 2.5-5 years)
In the first year the child is able to understand about ten kat. in the second year to understand about 200-300 words. At age 3 years, children are able to master skitar 900 words. Communication at this age are egocentric, curiosity and high initiative, increased language skills, it is easy to feel disappointed and feel guilty because of the high demand, each communication must be centered on him, afraid of the reactor ignorance, and keep in mind at this age children are still not fluent speaking (Behrman, 1996).
At this age, a way of communicating that is done is to tell what happened to him, members the opportunity to touch the inspection tool is used, using the tone of voice, slow speech, if it does not have to be repeated more clearly answered with a simple direction, attitude hidarkan urgent urgent attitude to be answered such as the words "responsible dong", divert the current communication activities, providing the toy when the child is communicating with the intention to communicate, set the distance while communicating, the existence of self-awareness in which we have to avoid direct confrontation, sitting too close and face. Nonverbally we always give a boost acceptance and approval if required, do not touch a child without his consent, to shake hands with children is a way to relieve anxiety. Drawing, writing or storytelling in exploring feelings and thoughts when child communication.
School age (5-11 years)
Starting with a child's ability to print, drawing, writing letters or making big and what is being implemented reflect the mind of the child and the child's ability to read the children here can already be started. At eight years of age children are able to read and have started thinking towards life.
Communication can be done at this age are still considering the level of language skills that children use simple words that are specific, describe something that makes vagueness in children or something unknown. at this age the curiosity fusngsional and procedural aspects of a particular object is very high then explain the meaning of the functions and procedures, goals and objectives of the things in question are clear and do not hurt or threatened because this will make the child unable to communicate effectively.
Age Youth (11-18 years)
The development of communication in the teenage years is demonstrated by the ability to discuss or argue and have started to think conceptually, has begun to show a sense of shame, at this age children are often contemplate future life which is reflected in the communication. At this age begin to show the mindset towards a more positive, the case conceptualization given period is a period of transition the child into adulthood.
Communication can be done at this age is to discuss or brainstorm on peers, avoiding some of the questions that can cause embarrassment and maintain confidentiality in communication since the initial establishment of the trust and the child is in a transition period be mature.
WAY COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN
Some of the ways that can be used in communicating with children include:
1 Through another person or third party
The first way of communication is done by children in empowering children, by avoiding directly communicate and involve parents who sat beside
2 Storytelling
In this way the message to be conveyed to the child will be readily accepted, but the story should disamapikan according to the message, which can be expressed through writing and drawing.
3 Facilitate
In facilitating, we must be able to express feelings and should not be dominant but the child must be given in response to messages conveyed through listening attentively and do not reflect the negative expression showed poor impression for children.
4. bibliotherapy
With the granting of a book or magazine can be used to express feelings, to tell the contents of the book that corresponds to the message delivered.
5. Ask to mention the desire
It is important to know the child's complaints and desires can show your feelings and thoughts at the time
6 The choice of pros and cons
It is important to determine or know the child's feelings and thoughts, by asking a situation that shows the positive and negative selection of appropriate views of the child
7 Use of Scale
The use of scale or rank in expressing feelings of pain in children, such as the use of feelings of pain, anxiety, sadness and others, by encouraging the child to express the pain
8 Writing
Through this the child to express himself well on the state of sadness, anger or other and is usually done on children who irritated, angry and silent. Done if the child already has the ability to write.
9. drawing
As well as writing, can be used to express, nagging feeling angry venom can be expressed through pictures and the child will express when asked about the picture he wrote his point.
10 Play
as an effective tool in helping children communicate. Through this interpersonal relationship between the child, the nurse and the surrounding areas can be established and the messages can be delivered.
WAY COMMUNICATION WITH PARENTS
- Encourage parents to talk
- Navigate to Focus
- Listen
- Silence
- Empathy
- Convincing again
- Formulate back
- Giving instructions is likely what happened
- Avoiding obstacles in communication
Hopefully this can be helpful for you.
0 comments:
Post a Comment